С изключение на Пирин, единствената планина на Балканския полуостров включена в Списъка на световното наследство на ЮНЕСКО, е Дурмитор в Черна гора. Националният парк Дурмитор е изграден предимно от мезозойски скали, подлежащи на окарстяване. Установени са следи от три плейстоценски заледявания: циркуси, морени, ледникови езера и др. Националният парк е един от най-представителните карстови масиви в Европа с множество повърхностни и подземни карстови форми. Настоящата статия представя накратко геолого-геоморфоложките характеристики на Дурмитор.

An overview of the complications in the operation of oil wells with boom submersible pumps has been made. The applied modern methods for increasing the efficiency of the system of submersible boom pump – boom column – column of pump-compressor pipes (PKT) are considered.

The subject of the publication is the modeling of a tunnel metro section in a calculation program, which is based on the finite element method. An analysis of the obtained results for the stress and strain state in the massif during the passage of the tunnel through the section was made. The data on the surface deformations obtained from the model are compared with those actually measured during the monitoring of the construction and sizing of the primary cladding.

This publication summarizes existing methods for extracting oil from already exploited fields and proposes an innovative, combined, cogeneration method that increases economic efficiency. The cogeneration method reduces many times the cost of producing the main components used for secondary oil production: water vapor, carbon dioxide and heat. Given the technological and economic potential – the new method is in the process of patenting. The extraction of oil from already exploited oil fields is presented as a serious reserve of essential importance for humanity and the global economy. In conclusion, some conclusions are summarized, outlining the forthcoming widespread use of already exploited oil wells in the future.

The article describes a procedure for simulating the stresses of a tunnel as excavation works progress. Rocscience software, Phase2 (RS2), is used for this purpose. The product is based on 2D modeling by the finite element method. The displacements are forecasted in the cases of application of the New Austrian tunnel method.